Inflow and Infiltration Investigations

Identify and confirm the location of groundwater entering sewer systems with inflow and infiltration investigations that support data-driven rehabilitation and asset management decisions.

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What are Inflow and Infiltration Investigations and what they include

Kiwa T2 provides inflow and infiltration (I&I) investigations to help identify and confirm sources of groundwater and stormwater entering sanitary sewer systems. Excess inflow and infiltration can reduce system capacity, increase treatment costs, contribute to sanitary sewer overflows, and accelerate infrastructure deterioration.

Using inspection technologies and proven field investigation techniques, Kiwa T2 collects the information needed to support municipal I&I studies, rehabilitation planning, and long-term asset management strategies. Our investigations focus on identifying defects, unauthorized connections, structural deficiencies, and other pathways that allow unwanted water to enter the collection system

Who is it for?

This service by Kiwa T2 is intended for municipalities, regional governments, wastewater collection system owners, consulting engineers performing I&I studies, infrastructure planners, asset management teams, and developers responsible for maintaining or upgrading sanitary sewer systems. These organizations typically manage wastewater infrastructure, evaluate system performance, prioritize rehabilitation programs, reduce treatment costs, and plan capital improvements to address aging sewer assets and wet-weather flow challenges.

Benefits of Inflow and Infiltration Investigations

  • Identifies sources of groundwater and stormwater entering sanitary sewer systems 
  • Supports targeted rehabilitation and capital planning decisions 
  • Improves collection system performance and available capacity 
  • Reduces unnecessary treatment and pumping costs associated with excess flows 
  • Provides defensible inspection data for asset management programs 
  • Helps prioritize repairs based on observed defects and risk 
  • Supports long-term infrastructure renewal and maintenance strategies

Why Choose Kiwa?

Kiwa T2 combines sewer inspection technology with experienced technical staff and established investigation methodologies to provide reliable, actionable information. Our team utilizes CCTV inspection systems, smoke testing, dye testing, and condition assessment tools to collect quality field data and identify sources of inflow and infiltration. Kiwa T2's condition assessment capabilities are supported by NASSCO-certified inspection standards and can be integrated with subsurface utility engineering, utility mapping, GIS, and infrastructure data management workflows, providing clients with a more complete understanding of their assets

Steps in the Process

    Project Consultation

    Review project objectives, available records, known problem areas, and system concerns.

    Investigation Planning

    Develop an investigation scope based on system characteristics, priorities, and study requirements.

    Field Data Collection

    Complete CCTV inspections, smoke testing, dye testing, maintenance hole inspections, and other required field activities as required.

    Analysis and Assessment

    Evaluate findings to identify likely inflow and infiltration sources and assess their significance.

    Documentation and Reporting

    Prepare investigation findings, mapping, condition information, and supporting documentation.

    Rehabilitation Prioritization Support

    Provide information to help clients prioritize repairs, further investigations, and rehabilitation programs.

If you are planning an I&I study, evaluating collection system performance, or prioritizing sewer rehabilitation work, contact Kiwa T2 to discuss your project requirements. Our team can help you gather the information needed to make confident infrastructure decisions.

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Frequently asked questions

What is inflow and infiltration (I&I)?

Inflow and infiltration refer to groundwater and stormwater entering sanitary sewer systems through defects, unauthorized connections, maintenance holes, service laterals, or other entry points.

Why are I&I investigations important?

Excess I&I can reduce available sewer capacity, increase treatment and pumping costs, contribute to overflow risks, and accelerate infrastructure deterioration.

What methods are used during an I&I investigation?

Depending on project requirements, investigations may include CCTV inspections, smoke testing, dye testing, maintenance hole inspections, sewer mapping, and condition assessments.

How do I&I investigations support rehabilitation planning?

The investigation identifies and documents potential sources of water entry, allowing municipalities and asset owners to prioritize repairs and rehabilitation efforts where they will have the greatest impact.

Can I&I investigations be combined with condition assessment programs?

Yes. Kiwa T2 can integrate I&I investigations with sewer condition assessment, mapping, and asset management initiatives to provide a more complete understanding of system condition and performance.

What deliverables are typically provided?

Deliverables generally include inspection data, observations, defect documentation, mapping information, and recommendations to support further investigation, rehabilitation planning, or asset management activities.